In order to overcome and help reduce losses during harvesting, preservation and circulation of Japonica rice, farmers need to apply the following basic technical measures to preserve rice to suit the conditions of my household. The process can be summarized as follows: PLANNING - POOL, DRYING - CLEANING – STORAGE
1. Harvest
- Harvest time
Farmers should harvest rice at the right level, when observing the field, it can be harvested from 85 to 90%. Do not let the rice be too ripe to harvest because it will increase the rate of seed fall. Take advantage of favorable weather conditions for harvesting, avoid losses caused by adverse weather conditions.
- Harvest method:
Currently, the majority of rice is harvested using a combine harvester, which reduces many stages compared to the traditional method (cutting by hand), which also contributes to reducing the loss during harvesting.
2. Drying
Freshly harvested rice has high humidity, so if it is not dried or dried in time, it can germinate, ferment, and can easily develop and damage seeds. Normally, when the rice is harvested from 20-25%, after harvest, it is necessary to dry and dry it to 15% humidity within 24 hours to ensure rice quality.
To preserve rice for 2-3 months, it is necessary to ensure the moisture content of rice when storing is 14 - 15%, if it is preserved for 3 months or more, the best moisture content is ≤ 13%.
The process of drying the paddy by drying method both ensures the uniform moisture content of the grain, while ensuring the rice quality due to temperature control during the drying process.
However, due to the high investment cost of the dryer, most farmers mainly dry the rice grain by drying naturally on the ground or road surface, so the rate of loss when drying is also quite high, not guaranteed. quality preservation of rice grains.
Therefore, it is advisable to line the canvas on the ground to minimize spillage, and if there is adverse weather like thunderstorms, the collection will be faster. Rice should not be dried on asphalt roads to avoid affecting the traffic, as well as affecting the quality of rice.
3. Clean
After drying to a safe humidity, the paddy should be cleaned to facilitate storage. Need to remove impurities such as grain, grit, metal, straw, humus ... People can use measures to screen, filter or fan to remove impurities.
The removal of impurities is to remove intermediate objects that cause mold, worms that may arise during storage.
4. Preserving paddy
For household scale, the preservation is simple: Rice, after being dried to a safe humidity, should be stored in suitable dedicated tools, kept in a dry place, avoiding humidity, reducing back moisture from the air into the seeds as well as limiting the penetration of insects, termites and rats will reduce storage time and affect milling quality such as The rate of broken rice is high, color and flavor are affected.
Recommendation: In order to minimize post-harvest losses and maintain the quality and aroma of paddy products, Japonica rice people should harvest rice with a combine harvester, and after harvesting, the rice should be dried immediately. to reduce to 13% humidity within 24 hours. After drying, put into storage at 16 degrees Celsius.
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